Methods & support boundaries

We would rather tell you "not yet" than give you a wrong answer. Below is exactly what the engine can do today, how we check it, and what is on the way.

How calculations are validated

All statistics are computed by a deterministic engine: the same data always gives the same answer. AI is never used to produce numbers.

"Validated" means the method's test statistic, degrees of freedom and p-value are checked by automated tests against reference values computed with SciPy, a widely used scientific library, to at least 6 decimal places.

Validation shows the arithmetic is right. It cannot show that a method suits your study design or that your data are accurate. That is why every result lists its assumptions, checks and limitations. We do not promise perfect accuracy.

Missing values are handled by complete-case analysis: rows missing a needed value are excluded and the number excluded is reported. All tests are two-sided at α = 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals.

Available now

Descriptive statistics with 95% CI of the mean
Validated

A summary of one measurement.

Chosen when: One numeric variable.

Frequency table with Wilson 95% CIs
Validated

Counts and percentages for categories.

Chosen when: One categorical variable.

Welch's independent-samples t-test
Validated

Compares the average of two separate groups.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, two independent groups.

Mann–Whitney U test
Validated

Compares two separate groups using ranks (robust to skew and outliers).

Chosen when: Numeric/ordinal outcome, two independent groups, non-normal data.

Paired-samples t-test
Validated

Compares two measurements taken on the same people.

Chosen when: Two numeric measurements on the same units.

Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Validated

Paired comparison using ranks.

Chosen when: Paired measurements, skewed differences.

One-way ANOVA
Validated

Compares averages across three or more groups.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, 3+ independent groups, similar spread.

Welch's ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons
Validated

Compares averages across groups when their spreads differ.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, 3+ independent groups, unequal variances.

Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn post-hoc
Validated

Compares three or more groups using ranks.

Chosen when: Numeric/ordinal outcome, 3+ independent groups, skewed data.

Pearson's chi-square test of independence
Validated

Checks whether two categorical variables are related.

Chosen when: Two categorical variables.

Fisher's exact test (2×2)
Validated

Exact version of the chi-square test for small 2×2 tables.

Chosen when: Two binary variables, small expected counts.

Pearson correlation
Validated

Measures how strongly two measurements move together in a straight line.

Chosen when: Two numeric variables, roughly linear, no strong outliers.

Spearman rank correlation
Validated

Measures how consistently two measurements rise or fall together.

Chosen when: Two numeric/ordinal variables, skewed or with outliers.

Simple linear regression (OLS)
Validated

Estimates how much the outcome changes per unit of a predictor.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, one numeric predictor.

Multiple linear regression (OLS)
Validated

Estimates each predictor's effect while holding the others constant.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, two or more predictors.

Binary logistic regression
Validated

Estimates how predictors change the odds of a yes/no outcome.

Chosen when: Yes/no outcome, one or more predictors.

Repeated-measures ANOVA (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected)
Validated

Compares three or more measurements taken on the same people.

Chosen when: 3+ numeric measurements on the same units.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log-rank test
Validated

Compares how long until an event between two groups.

Chosen when: Time-to-event data with a two-group comparison.

Cox proportional-hazards regression
Validated

Estimates how predictors change the risk of an event over time.

Chosen when: Time-to-event outcome with one or more predictors.

Cronbach's alpha
Validated

Checks whether questionnaire items measure one thing consistently.

Chosen when: 3+ numeric questionnaire items.

Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2,1)
Validated

Measures how consistently raters score the same subjects.

Chosen when: 2+ raters scoring the same subjects numerically.

Cohen's kappa
Validated

Measures agreement between two raters beyond chance.

Chosen when: Two raters assigning categories to the same cases.

ROC curve analysis (AUC, best cut-off)
Validated

Shows how well a test separates people with and without a condition.

Chosen when: Numeric test result vs a binary reference standard.

Diagnostic accuracy (2×2)
Validated

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of a yes/no test.

Chosen when: Binary test result vs a binary reference standard.

Fleiss' kappa
Validated

Measures agreement among three or more raters beyond chance.

Chosen when: 3+ raters assigning categories to the same cases.

Multinomial logistic regression
Validated

Predicts an outcome with several unordered categories.

Chosen when: Categorical outcome with 3+ unordered categories, one or more predictors.

Ordinal logistic regression (proportional odds)
Validated

Predicts an outcome with ordered categories like mild/moderate/severe.

Chosen when: Ordered categorical outcome, one or more predictors.

Two-way ANOVA with interaction
Validated

Compares averages across two grouping factors and checks whether they interact.

Chosen when: Numeric outcome, two categorical factors.

Principal component analysis
Validated

Finds the main dimensions underlying many related variables.

Chosen when: Several numeric variables measured on the same cases.

Linear mixed-effects model (random intercept)
Validated

Tracks how a measurement changes over time while allowing each person their own starting level.

Chosen when: Long-format repeated measurements (subject, time, value columns).

Linear mixed-effects model (random intercepts and slopes)
Validated

Tracks how a measurement changes over time, allowing each person their own starting level and their own trend.

Chosen when: Long-format repeated measurements where each subject may change at their own rate.

Exploratory factor analysis (principal axis, varimax rotation)
Validated

Finds latent factors underlying many related variables, rotated for interpretability.

Chosen when: Several numeric variables thought to reflect a few underlying constructs.

Generalized estimating equations (binary, exchangeable)
Validated

Estimates the average effect on a yes/no outcome when measurements are clustered within subjects.

Chosen when: Clustered/repeated yes/no outcomes (population-average interpretation).

Poisson regression
Validated

Models how predictors change the rate of a count outcome.

Chosen when: Count outcome (number of visits, events, cases), one or more predictors.

Negative-binomial regression (NB2, ML dispersion)
Validated

Like Poisson regression but allows counts that vary more than a Poisson model expects.

Chosen when: Over-dispersed count outcomes.

GEE for a continuous outcome (exchangeable correlation)
Validated

Estimates the average trend of a measurement when observations are clustered within subjects.

Chosen when: Clustered/repeated numeric outcomes (population-average interpretation).

GEE for a count outcome (exchangeable correlation)
Validated

Estimates the average effect on a count when observations are clustered within subjects.

Chosen when: Clustered/repeated count outcomes (population-average interpretation).

Exploratory factor analysis (principal axis, oblimin rotation)
Validated

Finds latent factors underlying many related variables, allowing the factors to correlate.

Chosen when: Several numeric variables thought to reflect a few correlated underlying constructs.

Zero-inflated Poisson regression
Validated

Models counts where many zeros come from a separate 'never happens' process.

Chosen when: Count outcomes with far more zeros than a Poisson model expects.

Zero-inflated negative-binomial regression
Validated

Like zero-inflated Poisson but also allows the non-zero counts to be over-dispersed.

Chosen when: Over-dispersed count outcomes with excess zeros.

Linear mixed-effects model with quadratic trend
Validated

Tracks a measurement over time following a curved (accelerating or decelerating) trend.

Chosen when: Long-format repeated measurements with a curved common trend.

Linear mixed-effects model with spline trend
Validated

Tracks a measurement over time following a flexible smooth curve.

Chosen when: Long-format repeated measurements with an irregular trend over time.

Support boundaries

Every method listed above is available and validated. Designs outside this list — for example Bayesian models, multilevel models with three or more levels, or time-series forecasting — are not supported; when your question needs one, the app says so plainly instead of guessing.